JPRS 76427 12 September 1980
China Report
POLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS
No. 116
[Feis) FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE
NOTE
JPRS publications contain information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign-language sources are translated; those from English-language sources are transcribed or reprinted, with the original phrasing and other characteristics retained.
Headlines, editorial reports, and material enclosed in brackets [] are supplied by JPRS. Processing indicators such as [Text] or [Excerpt] in the first line of each item, or following the last line of a brief, indicate how the original information was processed. Where no processing indicator is given, the infor- mation was summarized or extracted,
Unfamiliar names rendered phonetically or transliterated are enclosed in parentheses. Words or names preceded by a ques- tion mark and enclosed in parentheses were not clear in the original but have been supplied as appropriate in context. Other unattributed parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source.
The contents of this publication in no way represent the poli- cies, views or attitudes of the U.S. Government.
PROCUREMENT OF PUBLICATIONS
JPRS publications may be ordered from the National Technic>l Information Service, Springfield, Virginia 22161. In order- ing, it is recommended that the JPRS number, title, date and author, if applicable, of publication be cited.
Current JPRS publications are announced in Government Reports Announcements issued semi-monthly by the National Tec'imical Information Service, and are listed in t' » Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications issued by . « Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402.
Indexes to this report (by keyword, author, personal names, title and series) are available from Bell & Howell, Old Mansfield Road, Wooster, Ohio 44691.
Correspondence pertaining to matters other than procurement may be addressed to Joint Publications Research Service, 1000 North Glebe Road, Arlington, Virginia 22201.
JPRS 76427
12 September 1980
CHINA REPORT PoLITICAL, SOCIOLOGICAL AND MILITARY AFFAIRS No. 116
CONTENTS INTERNATLONAL AFFALRS
‘Ba Yi Radio’ Comments on Worsening Sino-U.S. Relations (Ba Yi Radio, l Sep BD) wccccccccccccccccccceecesecesece l
‘Ba Yi Radio’ Lashes Out at Deng Xiaoping's Warlike Policy (Ba Yi Radio, 31 Aug — ) PPPPPOTTITITETITETITITITITTTT Ty 5
Three PRC Citizens Forsake Chance To Settle in U.S. (Editorial ROPOTE) ceccecscvcesesesessesessssesesseseess 5
‘Ba Yi Radio’ Blasts PRC Leaders for Supporting Japanese Militarists (Ba Yi Radio, 3} Sep BO) ccccccccccccccsesecseseseeeeesce 7
Hokkaido Rallies Demand Return of Northern Islands (XINHUA, ~v Aug BD) wcccccccccccceecccccesseseesececeees 4
Briets Somali Water Conservancy Project 10 Historical Play in Hong Kong 10 India's Population Reducing Efforts 10 Japanese Students in Jiangsu ll Shanghai Officials’ to Rom ll
PARTY AND STATE
‘Ba Yi Radio’ Criticizes PRC's ‘Democratic Centraliso' (Ba Vi Radio, 3 Sep BD) cccccccccccecceecececeeseeseeseees 12
japanese Commentary on Ghinese Bureaucratic Practices (Fujigura; REN MIN RIBAO, 5 Aug -«~ PRPYTITITITTTTrTrrirrre 14
- ae {[IIr = cc = 80)
art
: IMONG
Nite ' ¥ ANF AN ;
4 ’
Prodi ue
Lat
Poiiti
" rac
fe) i"
a’ md
‘a
,
Net d To
tiie i ‘+ he
i ANG, i Jul
RiBAO, 26 May
tevvadig iff
Viaeci pl Sat
iW Years
Theme lves
_') PPPYTTTTTTTTrTrrrrrrrsyTtrrrrtTee
TP pcececceeeeeoesuceeeoeocoeoosecese
, ifreguiarities
Measures, bY
nh
Sun Haotian
ite Train Minority Cadres RIBAO, 18 Jut
Training, by i Educ ation, |
Deputies to NP:
\ PRPYTTTITIITITITITTTrTreefereheftttsee
Liu Uexin, et al,
Tang Yichao
asses, by Liu Mingyu
recuratorial Work Conference Closes
New Administrative Area
52 (ini ’ Ral l AND CULTURI iference on Political Work in @lleges T vincial service, 23 Aug BD) wccccceces ate Young People To Love Motherland wRest i Servi >» ») Aug |) PPPTTTITiriiTy Psychology, Juvenile Delinquents Opens 2e) _') PPPTELEIELTITITITIIETriririiitit Introduces Chinese Women Writers ’ Sep —« )FPPTTITTTIETTTTITirriirrirreiiriiiiit Praised as Model for Equlation
n; RENMIN RIBAO, 23 Jul GD) .ccccccccces
eformed Criminals Need Society's Help rt age “writ ne Sox iety Education Society
™ y
5
cational
scar
in
stitute on
Japan
(chuan Youth Work Advance lanjin To | “ “Ao
: ah ’
Art-Literature apanese Language Society
cyi
Lommittees
Forum
clas service, l Sep ) PPPTTIITITTTrTrerrriee
L/
bi
i4
5
‘5
%
8
9
WO
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
‘BA YL RADLO' COMMENTS ON WORSENING SINO-U.S,. RELATIONS OWOL0 54) (Clandestine) Ba Yi Radio in Mandarin to China 1400 GMT 1 Sep 80
Text!) The current NPC session must study and formulate correct policies,
is well as determine economic policy and tasks that can definitely be car- ried out. Therefore, it is necessary to let some deputies make a compre- hensive study of both favorable and unfavorable factors for our country.
In foreign policy, they should notice particularly that Sino-U.S. relations have markedly worsened of late so that the policy they formulate will conform to reality.
Due to worsening Sino-U.S. relations, the whole nation has become more skeptical of the reason for seeking a Sino-U.S. alliance. It is doubtful whether this policy will be of any good to our country or whether it will be of any benefit to the four modernizations.
We all know that there will be no reply to our country's rational protest against Reagan's recent remarks on his stance concerning U.S.-Taiwan rela- tions. Reagan, his close friend Bush, President Carter and his assistant Brzezinski, all have no intention whatsoever of giving up the old policy of “giving comprehensive aid to the Kuomingtang ruling clique in Taiwan." (?Consequently,) the U.S. rulers have taken a rude and arrogant (?stance) toward our protest, unconcerned about China's response to Reagan's remarks and even neglecting our protest altogether.
Furthermore, they even specify that China should understand that it needs to maintain good relations with the United States, just as the United States needs to maintain good relations with China. The U.S. leadership even shame- lessly stipulate that “if you Chinese want to maintain an alliance with us, if you need our financial aid, you must endorse our policy.”
History has long proved that all U.S. allies, without exception, have been forced to either make concessions to or take orders from the United States on major matters of principle. The so-called “friendly alliance with the United States" is actually nothing but an alliance of [words indistinct].
fs ,
it ly & ‘eW years since Sino-l.5. relations improved. However, it has been 4 common occurrence that China has not been treated on equal term. It has become almost intolerable, particularly in the case of the U.S. stance towards Taiwan. she Uniced States is now openly pursuing a pro-Taiwan po- licy, which la based totally on its own selfish interests, brazenly infring- ing upon the sovereignty of our country and (?impairing) the dignity of
the Chinese people, thereby putting our country on an unequal footing in Mutua. reiations,
For example, when alks were held between important political personages of the United State ind omrade Geng Bilao, the United States agreed to sell us onlv a negli le number of trucks and transport planes as well as some old militar ‘uapment. The United States also announced that no offensive
weapon would be eold to China.
jowever, the U.S. imperialists have signed new agreements on arms sales with the Kuomingtang \cue, Supplying tlaiwan with a large number of powerful, modern offensive weapons and equipment. They include such new U.S-made weapons as FX medium-range fighters, [words indistinct] air defense missiles, ow (words indistinct, antisubmarine missiles, [words indistinct] antitank missiles, ship's fire control systems, 76-mm high rate-of-fire cannons and words icdistinct] identification system. The functions of these weapons
re incomparably superior to similar weapons in use in our army.
vhy canpot these facts be taken as a warning by leading comrades of the central authorities who place hopes for achieving the modernization of our army on tinancial aid from the United States? Both history and reality
ave indicated to us that it is a most seriously shortsighted political view
glace hope on the "smiling tiger'--the U.S. imperialists. The recent worsening of Sino-l.S. relations has once again proved this true.
) ~
INTERNATIONAL AFFALRS
"HA YL RADIO' LASHES OUT AT DENG XIAOPING'S WARLIKE POLICY OW31L2057 (Clandestine) Ba Yi Radio in Mandarin to China 1430 GMT 31 Aug 80
iText The Third Session of the Fifth NPC should seriously and carefully consider the current domestic and international situation while discussing and deciding on the country's domestic and foreign policies. Some people
are now tulking vigorously about aiding Thailand and resisting Vietnam.
such talk, no matter who started it, is wrong. How could a party aiid state leader be so recklessly warlike? No matter what beautiful language one uses to Jeseribe war, it is barbarous and brutal and requires people to make great sacrifices after all. . The wars our country have fought since the founding of the PRC, with the ex- ception of the war of resisting U.S. aggression and aiding Korea, are all meaningless. In the war over Zhenbao Island and the Sino-Vietnamese war in particular, we lost far more than we gained. The war over Zhenbao Island
was © war that our army was inveigled into by Lin Biao and the gang of four to fight and shed its blood in order to win a so-called "antirevisionist victory" for them. The Sino-Vietnamese war was unleased by Vice Premier
Deng in order to divert the people's attention from his domestic policy and co protect (?his own position and reputation). The war over Zhenbao Island resulted in the casualties of more than 1,000 of our troops and the destruc- tion of our artillery and rocket positions along the border. During the in- vasion of Vietnam, more than 25,000 of our troops laid down their lives and 275 tanks were lost. The 123d Division of the 4lst Corps (?lost) nearly
100 cadres alone. More serious still, our army spent billions of yuan in invading Vietnam, thus disrupting the plan for the development of the nation- al economy. As a result, many important industrial construction projects have had to be suspended. In this war, we failed to achieve our purpose of punishing or suppressing Vietnam. Furthermore, this has caused the Vietnam- ese army to build ever stronger defense works and to deply more troops along the border. At the same time, Vietnam has been given more military and economic aid by other countries.
Therefore, it can be said that both advocating punishing Vietnam a second time and the slogan of aiding Thailand and resisting Vietnam disregard the
lmmed.ate int rests of the state and the people, violate the part Central Committee's pi ineiple of concentrating all efforts on the four moderniza- tions and run counter to the view Vice Premier Deng himself expressed at Third Plenary Session of the Lith CCP Central Committee that the four mo- dernizatcions must be undertaken in a situation of unity and stability. Lt one recklessly unleashes a new war under any pretext, it could possibly
CAUSO unprecedente d Consequenh cs,
udging trom the preparations our army and the Vietnames side have been
making, once a new war breaks out, it is bound to use air, missile and even naval rees, | ) not discuss whether or not such a war can achieve the purpos punishing Vietnam and aiding Thailand. However, in such a war, we would be ¢ iit to sutter losses. In that case, billions of yuan ot funds urgently needed in the four modernizations would be reduced to ashes.
he period of readjusting the national economy would be prolonged for another } or even 5 years and the 10-year economic plan, which has already been re-
vised three times, yuld fall through.
oped that the vice chairman of the party Central Committee, who is notorious for his war adventures, will set high value in the interests of the state and the people and handled our country's domestic and foreign
relations with a sense of responsibility as a party and state leader.
INTERNAT TONAL AFFATRS
hHREE PRO CITIZENS FORSAKE CHANCE TO SETTLE IN U.S.
OWSOLGSL [Editorial Report] Beijing XINHUA Domestic Service in Chinese on 29 August transmits two reports on three Chinese who decided to remain in China instead of emigrating to the United States contrary to earlier expec- tations or plans.
The tirst report, transmitted at 1148 GMT and 575 words long, concerns a couple, Wu Benrong and Tian Jiaqiang of Yingkou County, Liaoning Province, who had been trained as technicians but were prevented from working in that capacity and had to do labor in the countryside for years. Also, their children had trouble applying for CYL membership and school education. All this was because of their "overseas connections." Tian Jiaqiang, a 1960 graduate of the Shenyang Aeronautical Technology School, had been considered "unfit" for aeronautical work assignments on the grounds that her father was "a corporation president in California." Following the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, the couple com- municated with the father and decided to leave the country and settle abroad. In August 1979 they obtained their passports.
But then a fierce struggle ensured in their minds. They saw that with the downfall of the gang of four the party's various policies were being imple- mented step by step and felt that they should fully present their case to the party and the government. They wrote a letter to the Liaoning Provin- cial CCP Committee. As a result, they both got factvry jobs and moved to Liaoning where their children were accepted as school students. Feeling "very satisfied," they have changed their minds. They have not only decided to remain in China to work for the country's modernization but also written to the wife's father asking him to return to China for a visit and contri- bute to its socialist construction, the report says.
the second report, transmitted at 1550 GMT and 560 words long, tells about Engineer Li Jialiang of the Harbin electric meters and instruments factory who “spent 15 years in prison due to an unjust verdict." When he was re- leased in 1973 he was sent to a "reform-thorough-labor farm." But in 1979 his case was completely redressed and he was given back his party membership. Around this time he received a letter from his old mother in the United States, asking him to visit her.
\ccording to the re port, "as soon as the new: spread that Li bhavd bavnayt wire
ey ; soins abroad, people in the tactory said that Lt tiattong would never com bak atter he leaves the country.” mio, Moreh this year he and tis wht irived to Now York, His mother, a naturalized U.S. eitiven, his sister
and bis brother=tInelaw all persuaded
in
hut Li did not forget what he had been wanting to do for the motherland since
on Vv |
’
him to stay in the United tates tell
vy him that they could help him to "put sue further study andattind a job,
was a young man, the report says. "Reminding himself of the heavy task his shoulder and the bright turture of the motherland, he patiently con- need his relatives of what he believed in and returned to the motherland
months earlier than planned.”
INTERNATIONAL AFFALRS
. YL RADIO' BLASTS PRC LEADERS FOR SUPPORTING JAPANESE MILITARISTS wo4il59 (Clandestine) Ba Yi Radio in Mandarin to China 1400 GMT 3 Sep 80
lext foday is the 35th anniversary of the victory in the war of resist- ance against the Japanese aggressors--the most difficult and heroic battle of the whole people in Chinese history. Through their courageous struggle, the Chinese people achieved the final victory, won the admiration of the whole world and wiped out the disgrace of the unequal treaties imposed upon China by Japan over a period of 100 years. Meanwhile, many colonies of Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom and France in Asia achieved independence in the wake of the victory in the war of resistance against the Japanese.
Today, when commemorating our victory in that war, we should keep that bit- ter experience in mind and draw a lesson from this bloody event when we re- member the 10 million compatriots who died in that war.
Long before the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-95, Japan had already harbored the ambition to annex China. After the success of the northern expedition, Japan speeded up its efforts to subjugate China. In 1931, it sent troops
to occupy northeastern China. In 1932, it occupied Shanhaiguan and Rehe Province. In 1933, it took over north China. In 1936, it seized Chahaer Province. In 1937, it started the Lugougiao incident.
Since the Meiji resoration, Japan had looked upon China as a lifeline to which the Japanese nation might cling for existence. Due to its limited
land area, large population and a shortage of natural resources, Japan had
to resort to a policy of aggression and, under the pretext of "finding more living space," engaged in expansion when an opportunity arose. Geographically close to Japan, China was always the first to suffer.
However, in the face of this stark fact, some people withir the party have, since the Cultural Revolution, violated China's consistent and correct policy of opposing Japan's rearmament and the revival of Japanese militarism, and
have begun to connive at and vigorously support the revival of Japanese militarism. What is particularly irritating is that a leader of the CCP Central Committee's military commission has ordered the CCP Central Committee's
propaganda de,artment and the PLA General Political Department not to re- call the violence committed by Jpan during its aggression in China and not to commemorate the more than 10 million compatriots who died during the
war of resistance against the Japanese. Moreover, being generous at the people's expense, he ordered that Japan be relieved from repaying war com- pensation amounting to 120 billion yuan. All this happened when Japan con- tinued to harbor its aggressive ambition against China. After the discovery of oll deposits around the Diaoyudao Island, a Chinese territory, Japan sent its troops to occupy that island and (?forbade) Chinese fishermen to seek Shelter and fish around the island.
We should argu rongly on just grounds when it comes to state sovereignty over its own territory, even if it is an inch of land or a piece of rock. But some leaders of the central authorities have regarded political short- sightedness as a great strutegy, and have betrayed the national interest
by torfeiting sovereignty over the Diaoyudao Island and by ‘erating the joint exploration of Chinese continental shelf oil by Ja’ 1. ithorities and South Korea.
The most unpardonable thing is that, when Japan is annually increasing its military spending by big margins and expanding its armament in order to in- sure ics economic and political expansion in Asia, these leaders are still looking for ways and means to persuade Japan to revive militarism more rapidly (hey even beg the United States to persuade Japan to strengthen its armec
=
forces. \ proverb in the "Imperial Biography of Xiang Yu" in the "Record of History” reads: "To rear a tiger is to court calamity," which refers to those who appease the enemy and so bring endless trouble to themselves later on. Today our policy toward Japan is precisely one of "rearing a tiger to court calam- . urrently Japan is unable to harm us, but why can't our generation
be more thoughtful for our future generations? Many in our army who are 50 years or older fought and shed their blood during the war of resistance against the Japanese. Shall we allow sad history to repeat itself after more than 10 million compatriots were sacrificed during the 8-year bloody war of resistance in order to win the final victorv?
it"
~
CSO: 4007
INTERNAL LONAL AFFAIRS
HOKKA\ITDO RALLIES DEMAND RETURN OF NORTHERN ISLANDS OWI0094) Beijing AINHUA in English 0928 GMT 30 Aug 80
feat! betjing, 30 Aug CXINHUA)=-Mase rallies demanding that the Soviet Union return the northern territories to Japan were held in various parts | Wikkaido this month, according to a report of the Toho News Agency today.
Rallics were held in the town of Mori in southern Hokkaido on August 29th
and on August 26th in Rumoi city in northern Hokkaido, each attended by over 200 people.
Naohiro Dogakinal, governor of Hikkaid», sent messages to both stressing the necessity to rally public opinion in Japan and the world to press for the Soviet return of the northern islands to Japan. He denounced the Soviet military buildup on these islands.
Speakers at both rallies unanimously pledged to carry on the movement for the return of the islands. Zenichi Ogawa, representative of the Japanese League for the Return of the Northern Teritories, pointed out at the Rumoi rally that the Soviet military buildup on the northern islands is threaten- ing Japan and is intendedto frustrate Japan's demand for the return of the islands. He warned against Soviet tactics to induce Japan to give up the territorial demand by signing a “treaty of good neighbourhood and coopera- tion.”
cso: 4020
i
NIE RNATIONAL AFTVALI
BRILFS UMA WATER CONSERVANCY PROJECT=-Mogadiahu, 31 Aug (XINHUA)--Somali Presi- ent Mohamed Stad Barre veaterday visited the Fanole water conservancy proj- eet bullet with Chinese aid in Jelib District, southern Somalia, on his hapection tour o enteral Shabelle Region. During his visit, he was ac- orc: 1 warm welcome bv the roject manager, workers and Chinese experts at a place 10 kilome Lo the site. In a speech to the welcoming crowds,
ne underlined the importance of the project and its potential value .n aug-
menting the nomy of the country He also praised the workers and tech- tician or their unremitting efforte and dedication in carrying out thei: tal fext | (|OW311846 Beijing XINHUA in English 1840 GMT 31 Aug 80]
'4 :
‘ |
LISTORICAL PLAY IN HONG KONG=-Beljing, 31 Aug (KINHUA)=--The Beijing People's
rt Theatre lett for Hong Kong today to present its new production of the
iletorical play “Wang Zhaojun,” the first time that a modern drama from the land is being staged in Hong Kong. “Wang Zhaojun,” a five-act play by
eading Chinese playwright Cao Yu, presents a 2,000-year-old story whose
heme is the unity among the nationalities of China. The production and eri eceived first class awards at a theatrical festival on the 30th an-
\iversary of the founding of the People's Republic last year. The perforn- ing art cour is headed by Diao Guangjin, deputy president of the people's
art theatre and no nese dramatist, with Mei Qian, art director, and
ian Chong, dramatist, ae his deputies. [Beijing XINHUA in English 1615 GMT
INDIA'S POPULATION REDUCING EFFORTS=--Beijing, 1 Sep (XINHUA)--Steps to moder-
aa = r ;
0
t
’
te and reduce the rate of population growth in India have been particularly
treesed in the framework document of the Indian Government's Sixth Five-Year lan, according to a report from New Delhi quoting today's NATIONAL HERALD.
he document says that India's populationwas currently increasing at the rate f 1.9 per cent per annum. It is likely to reach 913 million by the turn of
he century. It should be the objective of India’s population policy to re-
duce the net reproduction rate to one per cent by 1995, the document notes.
[It suggests that emphasis must be on proper motivation and an “open choice
A
in the promotion of different methods of family planning. Coercion in any
e
form muet be ruled out. [Text] [0WO11212 Beijing XINHUA in English 1206 GMI
Seo 80]
JAPANESE STUDENTS IN JLANGSU==The Jiangsu Provincial People's Government held a reception on 27 August to warmly welcome a college atudents’ visiting group headed by Governor (Sakai) of Japan's Hyogo Prefecture. Wang Haisu, vice governor of Jiangxu, and Kuang Yaming, vice chairman of the provincial People's Congress Standing Committee, were present at the reception, Vice Governor Wang Haleu and Governor (Sakai) apoke at the reception. The visit- ing group, which conaieted of more than 510 people, arrived in Nanjing by train on 27 Auguet. [0W310527 Nanjing Jiangsu Provincial Service in Mandarin
2300 GMT 27 Aug 80)
SHANGHAT OFPICTALS' TO ROME--Viece Mayor Han Zheyi of Shanghai and his party lett teljing 2® August for Rome to attend an international conference on population and the future of cities at the invitation of the UN foundation for population activities, ([OWO10602 Shanghai City Service in Mandarin 2300 GMT ?9 Aug BO |
cCS8o; 4007
li
’ ' )" , , ] } ‘ ' > LNTRAI iam! x ; ‘ ’ i " Mandarin te China 14600 GMT 43 Sep wD ‘ rH ‘ nm i iiavea wail ‘ the inhird Session of the Piftth NP waa . “Tr Jit ‘ ent that some deput ie@a are moat concerned wit | removals of principal government Leaders, an issue iy eari mm th eatiny of the state and the peopie. ii report, uree, has no direct relation to the above-ment loned ieee wi r, ' weing hie report, many people intentionally or lea , liscuesion to iworda indiatinet:. ‘ ning, mcial, economic and energy departments ul repiac« if why has the replacement been
ive or six persons? Suppose a leader has achieved as = le in one department, would some miracle occur er : this department to another?
removals and tranafers of cadres,
,7 ppoint Ment
on ; members of the political bureau failed to reach a consensus, should ot jaced on the agenda of the NPC seasion. Politburo members are re- R indidates. jow can an issue disputed by Polit- embers be una ipported »y thousande of NPC deputies It seem t hig , | deciaiona alwayve iliinge on one or two leaders of ' mn hardly be called ‘democratic centralism.” ¢ tany personages of democratic parties in late 1950's, particular- ’ e of turmoils \c that time, China's various policies i ™ ire ere tiret decided by the party and then submitted to the NP( ry mre formal approval. The party Central Committee or leaders of ntra | rities made decisions on major policies; important trans- ra. 7 Ovi ; rs cements of ieaders, including leaders of the NPC and , wir decisis were submitted to the NPC for discuseionand 1 . i2@ efter they had been put into practice. Sometimes NP( put te wer i t get about the discussion.
\t the [Thitd Sesslon of the Fifth NPC, deputies were asked to unanimously approve the issue disputed by members of the political bureau. This cer- tainly is a4 retrogression from the past. Since today we intend to enliven democratic life within the party and the state and to improve the democratic legal syatem, we should not take the NPC as a rubberatamp organization,
it im good to see that deputies to the NPC have views that differ with some state and government leaders, for it indicates that they have truly assumed ‘hele responsibilities as representatives of the people, that they are really concerned with national affaires and that tere is no need to conduct the so-called "persuasion and education" work.
Everyday, comrades Peng Zhen, Hu Yaobang, Zhao Ziyang and Ulanhu would call in several people and given them lectures on the general principle of stabil- ity and unity. Is this at all useful? We should be practical and realistic in dealing with the stability of the state and within the party. Past ex- periences prove that “practicing fraud and playing tricks" as well as “at- tempting to present a false picture of peace and prosperty" will only cause adverse reactions and it may also result in a serious disruption of the state and within the party.
it is also unnecessary to fear that disunity may have an impact abroad and that foreigners will say that disunity exists and striving for name and struggling for power is always seriously going on within the Communist Party of China. As the saying goes: “You cannot wrap fire in paper." Foreigners will make judgments and they also have cool heads to make analyses. They will never believe every word of our propaganda.
Instead of worrying about what impact we will have on foreigners, we should give more thought to our nation and our people. We should give more thought
to how to run our national affairs well. The bitter lesson we learned from the experiences of past years tells us that the key to running national affairs well lies in leading cadres, in particular cadres who hold the power of the party, government and army.
in his speech, [words indistinct] once said that his own image is just like that of a great river. If the (?banks of the rivers is planted with tress), it is not only useful but also beautiful. However, if the river overflows the banks, then there will be a flood.
It should be pointed out that in discussing the choice of persons to take charge of the state's leading organs, why are deputies not allowed to con- duct an extensive discussion’? Why are they not allowed to discuss whether bureaucratic lords who are tyrannical and despotic and who are bent on sup- pressing democracy are listed in the new appointments? Whether personages who attempt to consolidate their own positions by practicing factionalism are still included in the new appointments?
CSO: 46005
13
APANESE COMMENTARY ON CHINESE BUREAUCRATIC PRACTICES
Bei'ine RENMIN RIGA in Chinese 5 Aue 80 p 7 Artticie by I imura of NIHON KEIZAI SHIMBUN: "“Bureaucratism Is an YWetacle to China’ ur Modernizations” |
fext! On 271 July, NIHON KEIZAI SHIMBUN published an article written by its special Peking correspondent Fulimuera entitled, "China's Bureaucratism is an Obstruction Impeding China's Four Modernizations.’' The situation ind views reflected in the article are biased and do not totally correspond to reality, but they are worthy of our attention. The following is a
summary of the rticie: har el of China’ bureaucratic structure is becoming more and more mwieldy. Moreover, it can be seen that the consciousness of everyone's doine things his own way and the disadvantageous aspects of hierarchical
‘eadershio are everywhere, with the result that affairs are not being managed well. Recently, the power of authority has been in the process ft beines turned over ¢t localities. However, it is also possible that , further reason why administration has become confused is because the
sharing of responsibility by the central and local authorities is not
leor. here has begun to be heard among businessmen from various nations the bewildered cry: “We simply do not know which unit is the best one to Ta tacts Se
sadvantages o: hierarchical leadership are too numerous to list. An exarple is that when one is going to China and traveling domestically, mtil thet very day there is no clear schedule arrangement, and this causes people a great deal of anguish. If roundtrip railway and airplane tickets for the entire {itinerary were purchased beforehand in Peking, this ui'd save time. Yet, in China, one has to have already arrived at the ce to be vieited before he can buy a railway or airplane ticket back to 11s own country.
in order to develop coal imports from China, it is first necessary to negotiate with the Ministry of Foreign Trade. Aside from this, it is also
14
e vesoary to Make Cofmectionae with several departments, ror example, the problom in negotiating with the Mintatry of Coal ta that domeatic trana- port probleme muat be negotiated with the Mintatry of Railways and shipping problems must be negotiated with the Ministry of Communications,
in reality, these types of situations are numerous, Because the relations / each department concerned are not we!!l attended to, that which should be nveyed te net conveyed well, Sometimes when this type of situation rises, 4 department anawers that it “can,” while another department inewers that thie “won't do." Even if it is a small problem, those in harge of trade in Peking must have contacts with each department, and if they do not ascertain whether or not things are accurate they cannot mt, even if they want to,
\ilegedly, when the reporter especially sent from this newspaper to Peking firet arrived, in order to cope with the procedures to pick up a limousine sent from Japan he had to run to 16 units. When the cargo was stopped in Tieantin harbor, he had to begin by applying to the Ministry of Foreign \ffairs for approval to travel to Tianjin. After running all over Tianjin for a day, he returned to Peking, where he had to go to three or four units before he was actualiy able to sit in the vehicle.
Beginning last vear, China implemented the national 3-year plan for economic readjustment which acted as a readjustment component and proposed the need to greatly reduce capital construction (major projects). Yet, although a year and a half have already gone by, there have still not been inv tangible achievements in reducing capital construction. This is secause the organizations under the local authorities have all “endorsed the weneral policy of reducing capital construction but have not thought of reducing projects for their own localities."
China has recently sent many groups of observers to Western nations, and these groups have made great efforts to absorb advanced technology. In actuality, the same groups of observers have gone abroad many times and moreover have only inquired about the same things. Because of this, after their return they have achieved nothing.
The following situation has also been heard of: The Chinese department responsible for developing energy resources decided to send out an investigation group concerning problems related to Chinese-Japanese energy resource development. Yet, at the same time, they learned that other scientific technology organizations also hoped to visit Japan to deal with the same problem. Because of this, Japan put forward the fol- lowing resolution: "Because the same problem is being investigated, how about combining and having one representative group visit Japan?" Yet on the Chinese side, in any case, this was not accepted; the reply was: "Because they are from different organizations.” As a result, two groups visited Japan for the same reason.
15
», Ll ina mB in lve iroces ! turning authority over to localttte: 1j80 4 mA r sf Lor if procucing new bureaucrat iam, In trade, the
ritv of each of the trade companies separately established in Peking, hail and Tianitn to develop toreign trade is set within fixed spheres. t is @aid that the central and local power of authority is not clearly |, thereby causing man netances of disagreement, v it can be id that the lack of deadline and efficiency concepts 4 manitestition of bureaucratisam, Although raw and processed ila produce in nearoy ity are urchased, it is still mandatory to 1 lot on troveling expenses in order to make a special trip to yr negot ions. These kinds of examples are countless, When types yrrocedures are being handled by each organization, the cust of “handing over work” is not practiced, if a person is there is no wav to handle the work. If the person is away on busi- then even if the negotiations are in the final stage, everything is side during hf ence,
ling to a ipanese person who has resided in China for a lone time,
e three phrases that are most often spoken by Chinese: "not in;
a3 ‘'t have it.” China must cast off “these three don'ts" jise the present target of conscientiously handling the tour moderniza
eee icult t realize,
16
PARTY AND STATI
PROSPECTS FOR CHINA UNDER HU YAOBANG IN 10 YEARS Hong Kong DONG Xi FANG in Chinese No 19, 10 Jul 80 pp 8-12 (Article: "Preliminary Analysis of 4u Yaobang and China's Future")
\Text| Hu Yaobang is now ranked 12th in power, influence, and status in
the CCP. But looking at him with regard to the CCP's power structure and with an eye on his career development, we can see China's future 10 or so years from now--and by China we mean the mainland, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macao. In this article, however, the principal topic stressed is the mainland--and it is not the first-ranked Hua Guofeng or the third-ranked Deng Xiaoping. The CCP is higher than the military establishment or the state. Hua does not really hold power in the party, and Deng's attitude toward Hu is: "With you in charge, I can relax." The real power in the party is now being peacefully turned over to Hu. The CCP is, essentially, still apolitical soctety ruled by men. This is the key to the question.
No matter whether the party has a patriarchal or collective leadership system, the person who is number one in holding real power in the party directly affects and determines the destiny and future of the country. Therefore, if we want to inquire into and survey China's prospects, we must start with a study of Hu.
Historical View of Hu Yaobang
Hu Yaobang's academic record. Hu Yaobang was born in 1915. In 1927, he took part in Mao Zedong's Autumn Harvest Uprising in Hunan. All historical records say that he was 14 years old at that time. If there is no misnumber- ing in these year dates, Hu in 1927 could not have been even 13 years old. The records add that he "came from a poor family." Therefore he certainly did net receive a good education. It is said on the mainland that there
are now only a few persons who “truly understand Marxism-Leninism," and Hu
is the most prominent among them. A man without a good education mastered the subject by self-study in actual practice and became, among 900 million people, an outstanding authority on Marxist theory. Looking at what he has done over the past 20 years, we see that he is a leader who understands theory, is bold and resolute, has independent opinions, dares to blaze new trails, has fairly enlightened ideas, and is genuinely talented. But note:
17
thy he | | | heae th * He tae an orthodox MarxiateLeniniat and
alao a di ip Of Mao Zedong Thought, This point ta very important, and
it al ifiect Lal ' s Future, ine future leaders ot China will be modeled on the Mao, Zhou, Deng ines--i.e., model CCP members. China's society will Aloo be a soctaltat Let n the Mao Zedong model,
Reiationship with Deng Naoping. In addition to atudying at the Chinese
People's Anti=-Japane Military and Political University in Yanan and serv ng aa deput ifrector of the university's Political Department, Hu Yaobang
formed ties with / when the war ot resistance against Japan broke out. Alte) 1e und the state, he was destined to go through thick and thin
With Deng Xaoping. Theretore, he is inclined toward the realistic Deng-type
line that pt the ultraleft. This also affects China's prospects. bang'’s relationship with the armed forces. From the war of Liberation
right mt t eve of the founding of the state, Hu Yaobang's work at his llitary posts »w Lly political--this is characteristic of the vast
majority of the Ci eaders, but we will postpone for the time being a
theoretical inqul int the reason for this. The thinking of men who for ons riods of time have held posts in the armed forces--espectallyv in the immy, and particulariyv during the chaotic war vears--is inclined toward
but ind dictatorship. No doubt there are many reasons for the fact tiv has long imposed lictatortai and autocratic political system,
rut ese reasot ire certainly not unrelated to the fact that military men,
especially army genera.s, took over the civil power. Hu Yaobang probably mnot free himself fror his limitation. From this angle, Hu's China
u ok
ifter the founding of the state. During the 25 years from 452 to the end of the Great Cultural Revolution, Hu was the youth boss-- retary of the CYL Central Committee. Based on my observations of
re it nearly 20 years (CYL members usually do not leave the eavue whe t he ecome overage), as well as my life as a cadre in the league, ive me he mcoiusion that he is solicitous and enlightened about ing people’ tudy, Work, health, cultural and recreational life, and ife (in 1956, the league's Central Committee ruled that voung people | request leave for the purpose of discussing affairs of the heart wit ing considered to have overstepped the bounds of organizational! life). From this we see that Hu Yaobang’s work style proceeds from reality ind seeks truth trom facts. Also because he was long engaged in youth work, he tends t © oOpenminded and take in new things with relative ease, and thi eems | e rather advantageous for the four modernizations and for emocratizatci From this angle, China's future looks bright. n lesson su Yaobang drew from the Great Cultural Revolution was to
pose the uitralett, and that was the only change or revision in his